Pulmonoprotective Action of Zataria multiflora Ethanolic Extract on Cyclophosphamide-Induced Oxidative Lung Toxicity in Mice / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the protective effect of Zataria multiflora extract, an antioxidative medicinal plant, against cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced oxidative lung damage in mice.@*METHODS@#Mice were intraperitoneally pre-treated with various doses of Zataria multiflora extract (50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) once daily for 7 consecutive days. Animals were then injected with a single 200 mg/kg intraperitoneal dose of CP 1 h after the last administration of O. vulgare. Twenty-four hours later, mice were euthanized, the lungs were immediately removed, and biochemical and histological studies were conducted.@*RESULTS@#A single dose of CP markedly altered the levels of several biomarkers associated with oxidative stress in lung homogenates. Pretreatment with Zataria multiflora significantly inhibited the elevation of lipid peroxidation level and the depletion in glutathione content, and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities induced by CP in lung. In addition, Zataria multiflora effectively alleviated CP-induced histopathological abnormality and pulmonary damages in mice lung tissues.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The results reveal that Zataria multiflora protects lung tissues from CP-induced toxicity and suggest a role for oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of lung toxicity produced by CP in mice. Because Zataria multiflora has been extensively used as an additive agent and is regarded as safe, it may be used concomitantly as a good supplement for reducing organ toxicity in patients undergoing chemotherapy, besides their consolidated ethnopharmacological uses.

Cancer stem cells CD133 and CD24 in colorectal cancers in Northern Iran

Aim: We aimed to study the expression of CD24 and CD133 in colorectal cancer and normal adjacent tissues to assess a relationship between these markers and clinic-pathological characteristics and patient's survival

Background: Cancer stem cells are a group of tumor cells that have regeneration and multi-order differentiation capabilities

Patients and methods: Expression of CD24 and CD133 was studied in a paraffin block of colorectal cancer and normal tissues near tumors with the immuneohistochemical method in patients who were referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Sari

Results: A total of 50 samples [25 males and 25 females] with a mean age of 67.57 +/- 13.9 years old with range 28-93 years, included 3 mucinous carcinoma and 47 adenocarcinoma. Expression of CD133 marker was negative in 29 cases and positive in 21 cases. Expression of CD24 in tissue near tumor cells was found in 30% of available samples. The relationship between expressing CD24 with treatment [surgery and chemotherapy] was significant and its relationship with patient's survival was insignificant statistically. However, there was a clear difference as mean survival age of patients based on CD24 expression was 26.64 +/- 18.15 for negative cases and 41.75 +/- 28.76 months for positive cases. CD24 and CD133 expressions and their co-expression with other clinic-pathological factors were not significant

Conclusion: During this study, the relationship between CD24 and treatment type was significant. To confirm this result, various studies with high sample numbers and other stem cell markers are recommended

[Correlation of changes in serum pepsinogen 1, pepsinogen 2 with helicobacter pylori eradication]

H.pylori infection in the stomach was the first major cause of gastritis and peptic ulcer disease and gastric adenocarcinoma and lymphoma [MALT]. Evaluation of the infection eradication is important. H.pylori infection was associated with gastric glands dysfunction such as increased serum gastrin and increased secretion of Pepsinogen. In recent years the measurement of serum gastrin and pepsinogen were considered to evaluation of Helicobacter pylori eradication.In a case - control study, we evaluated the changes of serum pepsinogen type 1 and 2 in H.pylori-positive patients after eradication therapy, and we assessed the correlation of serum pepsinogen type 1 and 2 and with successful eradication therapy. Pepsinogen type 1 and 2 serum levels significantly decreased after successful eradication in comparison with unsuccessful eradication. The both 2 markers decreased after 8 weeks of therapy. Pepsinogen 1 by a 41.1% decrease in 8 weeks after eradication had 95% sensitivity and 100% specificity for successful eradication. 64.1% reduction in pepsinogen 2, 8 weeks after treatment had 97.5% sensitivity and specificity for successful eradication. According to the findings of this study and other previous studies, changes in the type 2 pepsinogen serum levels, can be a reliable indicator of successful eradication of H.pylori infection. Although our study showed that changes in pepsinogen1 levels have a sufficient sensitivity and specificity of treatment, but in our study some factors including atrophic gastritis and age that affected on type 1 pepsinogen serum levels, did not considered

[Correlation of colorectal cancer stem cell marker CD24 expression with clinicopathologic features and survival of patients with colorectal cancer from Sari, Iran]

Cancer stem cells are a subgroup of tumor cells that have the capability for self-renewal and differentiation and are characterized by multiple markers. Several studies have been conducted to identify these cells in colorectal cancer, including stem cell marker CD24. This study has evaluated the association of CD24 expression with clinicopathologic features and survival in an immunohistochemical [IHC] study that compared colorectal cancer tissues with adjacent normal tissues. The expression of CD24 in 50 paraffin embedded samples of colorectal cancer and adjacent normal tissue in patients referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital, Sari, Iran was examined by IHC. We studied the relationship between clinical and pathological features as well as the patient's condition in terms of metastasis, recurrence, type of treatment and death due to cancer treatment. The 50 cases studied included 25 males and 25 females with a mean age of 57.64 +/- 9.13 years range: 28-93 years] There were 3 mucinous carcinoma and 47 adenocarcinoma samples. CD24 was positive in 29 cases and negative in 21 cases. CD24 expression correlated with combined surgery and chemotherapytreatment p=0.04]. A correlation existed with patient survival but it was not statistically significant. The mean survival time of patients according to CD24 expression was 26.64 +/- 18.15 in cases that were CD24 negative and 41.75 +/- 28.67 months in cases that were CD24 positive. Correlation of CD24 expression with other clinicopathologic factors was not significant [p>0.05]. We have observed a relationship between the clinicopathologic feature of combined surgery and chemotherapy treatment to colorectal cancer stem cell marker expression. A nonsignificant correlation also existed with patient survival. To confirm these results, we recommend additional studies with larger sample sizes

Evaluating the effect of four extracts of avocado fruit on esophageal squamous carcinoma and colon adenocarcinoma cell lines in comparison with peripheral blood mononuclear cells

Most patients with gastrointestinal cancers refer to the health centers at advanced stages of the disease and conventional treatments are not significantly effective for these patients. Therefore, using modern therapeutic approaches with lower toxicity bring higher chance for successful treatment and reduced adverse effects in such patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of avocado fruit extracts on inhibition of the growth of cancer cells in comparison with normal cells. In an experimental study, ethanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and petroleum extracts of avocado [Persea americana] fruit were prepared. Then, the effects if the extracts on the growth of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and colon adenocarcinoma cell lines were evaluated in comparison with the control group using the MTT test in the cell culture medium. Effects of the four extracts of avocado fruit on three cells lines of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and colon adenocarcinoma were tested. The results showed that avocado fruit extract is effective in inhibition of cancer cell growth in comparison with normal cells [P<0.05]. Avocado fruit is rich in phytochemicals, which play an important role in inhibition of growth of cancer cells. The current study for the first time demonstrates the anti-cancer effect of avocado fruit extracts on two cancers common in Iran. Therefore, it is suggested that the fruit extracts can be considered as appropriate complementary treatments in treatment of esophageal and colon cancers

Immunohistochemical expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its correlation with tumor grade in breast ductal carcinoma

Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death in female, after lung cancer. Angiogenesis is essential for tumor growth and metastasis; therefore, antiangiogenesis strategies for treatment of cancer are currently an issue of interest. The role of vascular endothelial growth factor that assumed to be most potent angiogenesis factor is ambiguous in breast cancer. This study described the correlation between vascular endothelial growth factor expression and tumor grade, to define the breast cancer patients who responder to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy. In this research, 200 cases of histological proved invasive ductal breast carcinomas analyzed for vascular endothelial growth factor expression by immunohistochemical staining via cross-sectional descriptive study. Vascular endothelial growth factor expressed in 72.54% of the breast cancers. The VEGF was more detectable in grade I [78.5%] than grade II [77.4%] and grade III [56.2%]. There is a significant correlation between tumor grade and VEGF expression [P<0.05]. According to this study, VEGF often expressed in invasive ductal breast carcinomas and inversely correlated with tumor grade. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor postulated more convenience for tumor progression suppression in low grade tumor than high grade tumor

[Comparison of p63 staining intensity between re-cut sections and de-stained sections of patient specimens with lung cancer]

Several studies have been carried out on re-cut and de-stained sections regarding prostate biopsies and cytologic specimens of squamous cell carcinoma. However, few studies on lung biopsy are done. Due to small size of lung biopsies and for the prevention of lung rebiopsy, in this study P63 staining intensity between re-cut and de-stained slides of patients, specimens with lung cancer is researched. This cross section study was performed on 100 patient specimens with lung cancer. We compared p63 staining intensity between re-cut and de-stained sections in lung cancer through 2 month intervals, until the 10[th]. Month after lung biopsy by immuno-histochemistry methods. Chi-square test was used for comparing the differences and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Technical tissue fall in the slide was not seen. 93.93% of SCC was stained by p63. None of small cell carcinoma was stained by p63. In the first 2 months, 53.34% of de-stained sections had similar staining intensity, compared with re-cut sections, and 46.66% were decreased in staining intensity and none of them were negative. During 2 to 10 months of storing, 38.98% of de-stained sections had similar staining intensity, 45 [77%] were decreased in staining intensity, while 15.25% were negative. With respect to results of this study and other studies, staining of p63 on re-cut and de-stained sections of lung cancer specimens in the first two months can be helpful. However, in the specimens which were stored for more than 2 months, we found no significant results